http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003073.htm
9 k }; F# J1 x" A, a2 k% R: uCoughing up bloodEmail this page to a friendShare on facebookShare on twitterBookmark & SharePrinter-friendly version
# _' z" ?( W. T. z* QCoughing up blood is the spitting up of blood or bloody mucus from the lungs and throat (respiratory tract).9 W* n# m1 J" R2 I" ~
! D/ {1 U. p L" b
Hemoptysis is the medical term for coughing up blood from the respiratory tract.
$ [4 s! L! p3 ]( {) b/ T. y6 S, q# B- M
Considerations# g" z7 j8 Q7 b! l S+ f4 p
" h* h( H0 I ~. a% o# e8 t
Coughing up blood is not the same as bleeding from the mouth, throat, or gastrointestinal tract.1 ?' p$ o3 v8 y4 w. A5 l; y
; w- _# J5 d |1 k3 }$ l6 O1 _
Blood that comes up with a cough often looks bubbly because it is mixed with air and mucus. It is usually bright red, although it may be rust-colored. Sometimes the mucus may only contain streaks of blood.+ E- Z" [# W; {, ~
, P- x0 E% w7 ]& I* U
Causes
* T. m+ E- T& ^$ X+ L! `4 _8 S* W! n6 x8 n4 n" k' k
A number of conditions, diseases, and medical tests may make you cough up blood, including:- Q. d P8 a( e( L% h* P
# g' K9 @3 h1 R& qBlood clot in the lung
( q6 M! y/ ^1 k6 QBreathing blood into the lungs (pulmonary aspiration)7 }- h: @: r3 G; A
Bronchoscopy with biopsy
0 u% `8 c0 \7 z( j: Y) wBronchiectasis2 s1 y+ ?( ]1 O) p9 Y, Q
Bronchitis
. [7 K% O& D8 @# f$ C/ a, r r8 ]1 ECancer: Z q2 x! M# y/ o+ W2 j; X% b
Cystic fibrosis
7 W# T$ `- _. N" z- s3 O; p9 hInflammation of the blood vessels in the lung (vasculitis), D2 |% n% d1 a6 V
Injury to the arteries of the lungs
: C( _/ P6 x* A9 n! _) D# OIrritation of the throat from violent coughing (small amounts of blood)% l( \( p# T) n! d5 j
Pneumonia or other lung infections9 a# d8 Q7 G/ |/ p, u; F: g0 r
Pulmonary edema
. B/ w# W) [, o T: T- _Systemic lupus erythematosus
% c5 r$ j: _9 E3 n# E1 }Tuberculosis
5 F. t( P# n% ?/ b' lHome Care2 J) i9 K7 c2 W1 K9 }6 U9 W
6 ~1 f$ n- f& O( Q/ {0 ^/ ECough suppressants may help if this condition is due to throat irritation from violent coughing. However, cough suppressants may lead to airway blockages in some cases. Always check with your doctor before using them.
1 @1 x6 M4 ?8 t* X) c' H! b
4 K# D$ ?7 _8 |+ E& h, MIt is very important to note how long you cough up blood, and how much blood is mixed with the mucus. Contact your doctor any time you cough up blood, even if you do not have any other symptoms.' t) W/ U! Z$ |5 k) w K: M
; a5 n/ k0 ]5 T" E5 H x# e# \9 EWhen to Contact a Medical Professional
: H. G& n" E7 h/ O( [2 y3 `# r: k* T- b% r O
Get medical help right away if you cough up blood and have:- i. R" D" f8 [* S5 x5 f+ l ?% \
# V' f ?4 j2 n4 h7 bA cough that produces more than a few teaspoons of blood. S7 }* _3 I8 [/ @7 K6 g+ ~! x, \
Blood in your urine or stools3 L2 e) I$ O+ ]) x) F: u u
Chest pain( S3 F1 F0 x' ]6 Y7 I# s
Dizziness
5 o b# i2 q# e) s r4 V2 A; J! Y7 Q# ]Fever
5 S/ r1 m) ?/ b2 qLight-headedness" [+ u4 |! ~+ y4 A% d' ]5 N
Severe shortness of breath
! \$ G" v' F+ t/ [8 O6 v9 cWhat to Expect at Your Office Visit
: k& D3 V, Q/ ?0 }; _# D) ~& l" O+ v, v# j3 b
In an emergency case, your doctor will give you treatments to control your condition. The doctor will then ask you questions about your cough, such as:* c# T7 X( [# P$ T" a* E
- E' @! u3 D" z, x4 y
Type
, h8 [: r$ i. `1 u2 R# }Are you coughing up large amounts of blood (massive hemoptysis)?
6 N; I" f4 c9 |Can you see blood when you cough up something?
" \& ?8 G$ ~7 y YHow many times have you coughed up blood?( ]6 e) J. t8 x- j
Is there blood-streaked mucus (phlegm)?
1 W, k0 S* ^ b% ~: J* YTime pattern
9 K% u! }7 ?1 }! K7 ^Did it begin suddenly?+ y3 G2 q0 d: {, r7 ^6 S# I
Has it increased recently?2 _$ _5 s }+ S& {( z* Z2 \% K( D
For how many weeks has the cough lasted?/ N) Z3 Y9 ^- u& F: E
Is the cough worse at night?
1 f y/ W1 Z: Q5 _What other symptoms do you have?
7 n& N/ E- P4 d6 BThe doctor will do a complete physical exam and check your chest and lungs. Tests that may be done include:: T/ f# o& ~5 G& v$ E
7 U H. s V) a8 K
Bronchoscopy, a test to view the airways
0 E- X! `( g6 G: ~9 N* O* R5 J+ pChest CT scan
+ M. u. u6 Q8 r/ [* @# mChest x-ray
. w: z+ ~7 ]4 U: p0 N* o' ?" E" AComplete blood count
8 S; f( u4 m( e9 x5 `" e0 @Lung biopsy
9 m$ V3 @) {& G" V/ I. mLung scan5 a1 R) |( O& m
Pulmonary arteriography1 |; g# H( U, h2 B
Sputum culture and smear- P& |( Z5 Z6 y g7 w& v
Test to see if the blood clots normally, such as PT or PTT |
显身卡
谢谢老马
